In the early 20th Century, researchers around the world worked to develop new, stainless and acid resistant steels, especially for the Chemical Industry. At that time, nickel and chromium steels were already known and were prone to corrosion and brittleness. Stainless-Steel was accidentally discovered by an English Metallurgist, Harry Brearly in Aug 1913.
Strauss and Maurer, the fathers of Stainless-Steel, reduced the Carbon content to below 1%. They combined chromium and nickel as alloying elements and developed a suitable method for heat treatment to improve corrosion resistance and strength of the steel. Thus began the worldwide success of the stainless-steel.
The rapid success of Stainless-Steel can be credited to the development of an economic process to produce and process stainless steel. Earlier the stainless-steel was produced in oil-fired, tilting pans. The invention of induction melting furnaces later simplified the process.
The early 60’s saw the introduction of new production techniques lowered the cost of production and at the same time extended the range of properties sustainably. The 80’s witnessed another quality and commercial milestone for stainless steel making with the introduction of continuous casting method, the conditions for a near net shaped casting. Computer aided controlled engineering drove the reproducibility of stainless-steel products, thus advancing towards the new application areas.
Why Stainless Steel is Special ?
Stainless-steel is often confused with mild steel or carbon steel. While carbon steel is a less flexible alloy of steel, stainless-steel is an alloy of iron and has minimum 10.5% Chromium as a chief component.
The increased resistance to corrosion in stainless-steel is due to the naturally occurring chromium-rich oxide film formed on its surface. Although extremely thin, this inert film is adherent to the metal and is extremely protective in a wide range of corrosive media.
The film is rapidly self-repairing, in the presence of oxygen, if damaged by any external force thereby making the Stainless Steel special.